This comfrey cream recipe works great for local areas that have mild bruising or soft tissue pain. Wound-healing effects of a symphytum herb extract cream (. Using a combination product makes it challenging to know how much of the beneficial effect came from comfrey alone. Consult your healthcare provider before using. Comfrey is a plant also known as Ass Ear, Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort, Consolidae Radix, Consound, Consoude, Consuelda, Gum Plant, Healing Herb, Herbe aux Charpentiers, Herbe la Coupure, Knitback, Knitbone, Langue-de-Vache, Oreille d'ne, Salsify, Slippery Root, Symphytum officinale, or Wallwort. First, make the comfrey root tincture by combining the dried comfrey root and alcohol in a sterilized, dry, glass pint jar. Food and Drug Administration. Comfreycontains PAs, substances that can cause significant damage, including: Therefore, it should never be taken by mouth. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Comfrey has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating back pain, osteoarthritis, or tenderness and swelling caused by a sprain injury. As a Licensed Massage Therapist for fifteen years, I have noticed that back pain can be caused by a variety of reasons and can be very debilitating. This perennial can grow up to 4-feet tall. Comfrey: ancient and modern uses. Discontinue use if a rash develops. Affiliate links are shared throughout the website and the Herbal Academy may receive compensation if you make a purchase with these links. Electric bowl mixer (like a KitchenAid) or a blender, Small glass jars with lids for sharing (optional). Complement Ther Clin Pract. Glass bowl with a lid Do not give any herbal/health supplement to a child without medical advice. Turn off heat and give it a good stir. Additionally, there is scientific research demonstrating comfreys effectiveness at soothing muscle and joint pain, some of which are highlighted in this post. This site uses cookies to improve your experience. Comfrey is a fast-growing plant whose leaves and roots have been used historically for wound healing and other conditions. Avoid using comfrey extracts on broken skin or open wounds. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. 2004;11(6):470-477. However, it did not affect markers of inflammation or cartilage breakdown over 12 weeks of treatment.
COMFREY: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions - WebMD Comfrey - please don't use it - The Herbal Horse and Pet View abstract. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. #HBTechCareers. One study in 120 patients with acute upper or lower back pain used either four grams (g) of comfrey root ointment or a placebo (sham treatment) three times daily for five days. 2758955. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Comfrey cream contains several active components (substances). Remove from heat. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Comfrey cream combines ingredients like oils or water and glyceryl stearate with Symphytum officinale (comfrey) extracts. Beth Thomas, PharmD, is a clinical pharmacist and founder of BMT Consulting Services, LLC. Resuscitation 2008;76(3):323-324. In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 142 ankle sprain participants, a comfrey root extract applied 4x/day for 8 days improved pain, swelling, and mobility without any adverse reactions (Koll et al., 2004). Herb & Supplement Guide. Rad. Please review this supplement label with your healthcare provider to discuss potential interactions with foods, other supplements, and medications. Kucera, A., Barna, M., Holcova, S., Horacek, O., Hladikov, M., & Ottillinger, B. View abstract. Poisons Legislation Circular 3-22-1993;60. What Happens If I Use Too Much Comfrey Cream?
Comfrey Uses, Benefits & Side Effects - Drugs.com Herbal Database Comfrey oil shouldnt be used for cooking, like other types of cooking oil. Add cup of the comfrey tincture and all essential oils to the cooled oil/butter mixture. In 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned oral comfrey products. These have a lower risk of serious side effects like liver damage. Comfrey has long been used in folk traditions for bruising and abrasions. View abstract. Phytother Res. A large review released in 2013 about the medicinal uses of comfrey stated: It is clinically proven to relieve pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in the case of degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia in the back, sprains, contusions and strains after . As we are constantly reviewing and developing our products to meet our consumer needs, consumers, particularly those that suffer from allergies and intolerances, should always check product labelling, warnings, and directions provided with the product that is delivered, prior to use or consumption. Squish and squeeze as many leaves into as you can into the container. No comments. 211727395. Commercial comfrey sale and distribution is restricted in Germany and Canada because of its substantial toxicity. J Pharm.Belg. 2013;5(5):CD010538. Bhupesh started his career as a Clinical Toxicologist for Public Health England, advising healthcare professionals all around the country on how to manage clinical cases of adverse exposure to supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial chemicals and agricultural products. Studies in humans are very limited. Its long, lance-shaped leaves can be up to 1 foot in length closer to the bottom of the stem and are shorter higher up the stem. Researchers have investigated the effects of comfrey cream on several health conditions. CBD oils being bought in high street stores such as Boots and Holland & Barrett are weak, low quality and don't provide the actual therapeutic advantages. Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs. Using it no more than four to six weeks a year as a general guideline would be best. Call your doctor if the condition you are treating with comfrey does not improve, or if it gets worse while using this product. It's typically only used in small amounts for a very short period. Comfrey cream combines ingredients like oils or water and glyceryl stearate with Symphytum officinale (comfrey) extracts. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract (Extr. Taking comfrey along with a medication that can harm the liver might increase the risk of liver damage. Electric bowl mixer (like a KitchenAid) or a blender Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. Complementary Health Approaches for Chronic Pain: What the Science Says. Pharmazie 1995;50:83-98. Mosby Elsevier. In a small study with 30 subjects, lower back pain from exercise was reduced with an ointment containing comfrey. Links to external sites are for informational purposes only. 12 drops peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil Join Rewards for Life today and we'll give you 300 points worth 3, Save 5% on your favourite products, plus get the lowest price from the last 90 days and free delivery on orders over 10.
How to make a natural healing comfrey cream - Simply Comfrey Comfrey is generally considered unsafe, with numerous toxicological effects in animals and humans. Do not take comfrey without medical advice if you are using any of the following medications: This list is not complete. (2013). NCCIH. Information offered on Herbal Academy websites is for educational purposes only. Preclinical studies suggest that oral comfrey has antiproliferative effects , and a topical formulation showed wound healing properties . Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Browse our Sports Hub, Buy 1 get 1 Half Price on Vitamins & Supplements, Buy 1 get 1 Half Price gut health supplements, Contains Comfrey known for its healing properties, Symptomatic treatment of minor sprains and bruises.
Potters Comfrey Ointment | Holland & Barrett Herbal medicine for low back pain: A Cochrane review. Therefore, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any supplements you plan to take and to check in about any potential interactions with other supplements or medications. To make this recipe, first, you must prepare the comfrey root tincture. Seal with a lid and then label with the ingredients and date. Knee pain and stiffness can be a stubborn concern that keeps many from doing activities they enjoy. Learn more in The Comfrey Controversy: Can and Should One Use Comfrey Internally? With extract of Comfrey. View abstract. Symphyti) in the treatment of ankle distorsions: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. View abstract. Lewis, C. J. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market.
State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority, Jharkhand A member of the borage family, comfrey root, leaves, and stems have an obvious coat of bristly hair. Comfrey is traditionally used for the symptomatic treatment of minor sprains and bruises and is also known for its healing properties. Do not use this product without medical advice if you are breast-feeding a baby. Arzneimittelforschung. 1 Since at least the 4 th century, people have used comfrey medicinally.
Holland Barrett | Careers If you're considering using the cream, consult your healthcare provider first. Comfrey is a flowering shrub that grows in Europe, Asia and, now, North America. doi:10.1002/ptr.4612, Salehi B, Sharopov F, Boyunegmez Tumer T, et al. Transfer the cooled oil and butter mixture to a standing electric mixer or blender. Set aside cup for the cream recipe and store the rest in a glass jar. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis. Some recent human studies have demonstrated that extracts may help with ankle sprains, knee pain and stiffness, backaches, and mild skin abrasions. Documented adverse effects (the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, have substantial risk of causing fatal liver damage and can cause abortion).
Efficacy and safety of topically applied Symphytum herb extract cream in the treatment of ankle distortion: Results of a randomized controlled clinical double-blind study. Double boiler The efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel in the treatment of acute low back pain: a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind comparative clinical trial. Acupuncture for Chronic Pain: Update of an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. 2016 Jan;41(2):116-33. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000249525.70011.fe. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Do not use comfrey with very young children or during pregnancy or lactation.
Terry Naturally Traumaplant Comfrey Cream - amazon.com Choose organically grown comfrey when possible. Be sure to use comfrey root from a reputable source that has properly identified the species. British Homeopathic Journal, 90(01), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0460. The leaves and stems of comfrey contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause toxic damage if ingested in excess (Ulbricht, 2010). You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. In Western Europe, comfrey has been used topically for treating inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, gout, and thrombophlebitis, and internally for treating diarrhea. Not all possible interactions are listed in this product guide. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract (Extr. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. View abstract. Satisfaction. Br.J Sports Med. Latest: Senior Software Engineer - Front End Senior Software Engineer Senior Product Manager - Basket, Checkout and Payments UX Designer - Instore Tech. Pabst H, Schaefer A, Staiger C, Junker-samek M, Predel HG. (2018). Read our. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a Diclo-fenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: Results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Patients with hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to the plant should also avoid external use. Do not use this product without medical advice if you are pregnant. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Registered VAT no. Many of those following the folk use of comfrey up to present-day think so. If you choose to use comfrey, use it as directed on the package or as directed by your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. Avila C, Breakspear I, Hawrelak J, Salmond S, Evans S. A systematic review and quality assessment of case reports of adverse events for borage (Borago officinalis), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and comfrey (Symphytum officinale). Herbal medicine for low back pain: A Cochrane review, Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know, Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (blockage of veins in the liver). Essential oils are a whole new world in themselves & the benefits of using them are widespread. An ankle sprain can come out of nowhere and cause a lot of pain, limitations, and regret until it is healed. Arzneimittelforschung. Children, who suffer from these injuries the most, are statistically unlikely to have adverse reactions to comfrey oil when used on scrapes.5, When comfrey was applied topically to animals above where theyd suffered bone fractures, their bones healed at a much-improved rate than animals who hadnt been treated with comfrey.6, Leg ulcers are uncomfortable, prone to infection, and can take a long time to heal. More research is needed. Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietician, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. View abstract. Apply a small amount (not to exceed a teaspoon) topically 2-3x/day for up to 2 weeks. A later study of 133 peoplefound some evidence that a topical combination of comfrey extract and tannic acid led to reduced knee pain. Toe was infected and painful. View abstract. Barthomeuf, C. M., Debiton, E., Barbakadze, V. V., and Kemertelidze, E. P. Evaluation of the dietetic and therapeutic potential of a high molecular weight hydroxycinnamate-derived polymer from Symphytum asperum Lepech. View abstract. View abstract. comfrey cream holland and barrett. The FDA has recommended that all comfrey products that are taken by mouth be removed from the market. After 7 years in this role and a further year working as a drug safety officer in the pharmaceutical industry, Bhupesh joined Holland &Barrett as a Senior Regulatory Affairs Associate in 2019. 2007;14(1):2-10. comfrey: [noun] any of a genus (Symphytum) of perennial herbs of the borage family with coarse hairy entire leaves and flowers in one-sided racemes. .
comfrey cream holland and barrett - omnigrace.org.tw Wien.Med Wochenschr. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Giannetti, B. M., Staiger, C., Bulitta, M., & Predel, H. G. (2010). Natural Standard. Additionally, because its alkaloids are absorbed through the skin, use of comfrey as a poultice should not exceed an exposure of 100 mcg/day of the alkaloids. 2007;57(11):712-716. Don't use comfrey products if you have or are at risk of having liver disease, cancer, or are taking any medication that affects the liver since it may increase the risk of liver toxicity. However, not a rate considered harmful for those with healthy livers.10,11, Masters Degree in Toxicology and BSc Hons in Medical Biochemistry. The Herbal Academy supports trusted organizations with the use of affiliate links. Ulbricht, C. (2010). Most comfrey oils keep for around 2 years after production. Do not use different forms (tablets, liquid, tincture, teas, etc) of comfrey at the same time without medical advice. of India has issued Environment Impact Assessment EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 for according Environment Clearance(EC) to 8 categories of industries/projects by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. Please simply create an account before buying/booking any courses. Of course, more research is needed to validate efficacy and safety. Some drugs increase how quickly the liver changes and breaks down comfrey. Study results revealed that pain intensity during active movement decreased an average of 95.2% in the group given comfrey ointment. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. Potters Herbal Comfrey Oil is a soothing aromatic herbal massage oil. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. of India and by a State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority constituted by Government of India on the recommendations made . Follow all directions on the product label and package. Ask a doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider if it is safe for you to use this product if you have: Comfrey is considered likely unsafe to use during pregnancy. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Yield: Approximately 5 cups of whipped lotion. Amendments to the poison list. 2012;101(4):211-216. Although not all side effects are known, comfrey is thought to be possibly safe when applied to unbroken skin for less than 10 days.
Comfrey Oil: Benefits, Uses & Risks | Holland & Barrett A symptomatic treatment of minor sprains and bruises.
COMFREY Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use - WebMD This is memorable if you have worked with it, and some use this quality to remember comfreys centuries-long useapplying comfrey over bones, bruises, sprains, and minor wounds with the intention to support mending! You and your healthcare provider should weigh the pros and cons and use it only under their supervision. Comfrey contains chemicals that can cause liver damage, lung problems, or cancer. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Thus, it is not advised to ingest herbal preparations of comfrey unless guided by an expert pharmacologist and physician. Whether you are treated by a medical doctor or a practitioner trained in the use of natural medicines/supplements, make sure all your healthcare providers know about all of your medical conditions and treatments. Consult your healthcare provider before using comfrey cream. Rad. A member of the borage family, comfrey root, leaves, and stems have an obvious coat of bristly hair. Molecules. This was compared to 37.8% in the placebo group. Comfrey is changed and broken down by the liver.
Using different formulations together increases the risk of an overdose. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. 12 drops juniper berry (Juniperus communis) essential oil Am J Med 1990;89:547-8. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Shop buy 1 get 1 half price on all gut health products, Buy 1 get 1 Half Price | Plus an extra 20% off 25, App Exclusive | Get an extra 22% off 25 when you spend on the H&B App, Royal Mail strikes may cause a delay to our click and collect service, Looking for fitness advice & inspiration this New Year? Comfrey is likley unsafe to take by mouth. The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review. View abstract. Tunon, H., Olavsdotter, C., and Bohlin, L. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some Swedish medicinal plants. Join rewards for life today and we'll give you 300 points worth 3.00. Avoid comfrey with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease. 2012;20(11):1209-16. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.019, Zago LR, Prado K, Benedito VL, Pereira MM. Turley, A. J. and Muir, D. F. ECG for physicians: a potentially fatal case of mistaken identity. 2 cups organic, unrefined coconut oil Safety Alerts & Advisories: FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. Acupuncture has also shown solid evidence of benefit for back pain. Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Nutrition C for FS and A. This item: Terry Naturally Traumaplant Comfrey Cream - 1.76 oz (50 g) - Non-Staining Topical Botanical, Free of Toxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) & Parabens - for External Use Only $20.76 ($11.80/Ounce) Dr. Christopher's Comfrey Ointment, 2 Ounce $11.99 ($6.00/Ounce) Dr Christopher's Formula Complete Tissue and Bone Ointment, 4 Ounce After the consistency begins to thicken, turn the mixer up a little bit. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. It has bell-shaped red-violet or yellowish flowers. Looks like you may need to upgrade your browser We're sorry, we no longer support the web browser that you are using Discard after a year or according to labeling. You should never ingest comfrey by mouth. Other alternative therapies may help to ease the pain. Comfrey cream, an topical herbal product, is thought to reduce inflammation and pain when applied to the skin. Medicine makers would bind comfrey leaves and roots in poultices, then apply those poultices to the skin to treat injuries. Check regularly, but it should take about six weeks for all the leaves to break down into a thick, black liquid. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are very toxic to the liver and are also carcinogenic (cause cancer). For topical comfrey cream, look for products labeled as free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Barna, M., Kucera, A., Hladikova, M., & Kucera, M. (2012). Nat Prod Res 2018;32(5):605-9. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1326492. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a Diclo-fenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: Results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. A review of 26 clinical trials concluded that mild skin reactions were the most common side effects of comfrey creams used in the studies. 7-6-2001; Lin, C. C., Yang, C. C., Phua, D. H., Deng, J. F., and Lu, L. H. An outbreak of foxglove leaf poisoning. Spine(Phila Pa 1976). Comfrey may be used topically as a cream, ointment, salve, or paste. Symphyti) in the treatment of ankle distorsions: Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. When the root is boiled in water, it forms a sticky, glue-like paste. They help us to understand how people use the website and give us the ability to provide targeted marketing to you. The efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel in the treatment of acute low back pain: a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind comparative clinical trial. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Brassica Campest is Seed Oil (Rapeseed Oil), Symphytum Officinale Herb (Comfrey Herb), BHA, Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil (Eucalyptus Oil). Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, Getting Help for a Loved One With Psychosis: It's Complicated, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Vitamins and Supplements to Avoid with Hepatitis C. Adv Ther 2005;22(6):681-692. Topical preparations of comfrey are generally safe provided they are not applied excessively or to an open wound. To use on established plants, dilute 1 part comfrey fertilizer in 15 parts water. Kucera, M., Barna, M., Horacek, O., Kalal, J., Kucera, A., and Hladikova, M. Topical symphytum herb concentrate cream against myalgia: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. They help us to understand how people use the website and give us the ability to provide targeted marketing to you. When harvesting comfrey or buying from a non-commercial supplier, note that there is variety within the species. Medicinal use of this product has not been approved by the FDA. Safety Alerts & Advisories: FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. Phytother Res. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). 2013;163:5864 (2013) doi:10.1007/s10354-012-0162-4, Giannetti BM, Staiger C, Bulitta M, Predel HG.
Amazon.com: Comfrey Cream Other prescription medicines that may harm the liver include: Some supplements may also harm the liver, including: It is essential to carefully read a supplement's ingredient list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. Comfrey has also been used for the following conditions: There is currently not enough evidence to recommend comfrey cream for any of these uses. Koll R, Klingenburg S. [Therapeutic characteristance and tolerance of topical comfrey preparations. As the consistency thickens some more, turn the mixer up a little bit more. 2013;163(3-4):58-64. 2010;44(9):637-41. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058677, Cameron M, Chrubasik S. Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. This article discusses the uses and benefits of comfrey cream. Mix for about 10 minutes, until nice and whipped. Choose a supplement tested by a trusted third party, such as USP, ConsumerLabs, or NSF when possible. Its long, lance-shaped leaves can be up to 1 foot in length closer to the bottom of the stem and are shorter higher up the stem. Buy 1 get 1 Half Price on Vitamins & Supplements, Popular Vitamins & Supplements Subscriptions, Buy 1 get 1 Half Price gut health supplements, Guide to sleeping better natural sleeping remedies, Living in the now, gut health & mental wellbeing, The thing that makes you different makes you special, Bhupesh Panchal, Senior Regulatory Affairs Associate, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5908267/, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229913001672, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22887778, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6363250/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631335/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22887778/, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-symphytum-officinale-l-radix_en.pdf, http://pennstatehershey.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=107&pid=33&gid=000234. View abstract. Please read the Topical Use Safety section of this article (above) before using. Complement Ther Med. In Western Europe, comfrey has been used topically for treating inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, gout, and thrombophlebitis, and internally for treating diarrhea. An Evidence-Based Reference.
Stop using comfrey and call your healthcare provider at once if you have: liver problems-- nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tired feeling, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). When considering the use of herbal supplements, seek the advice of your doctor. The following applications have been used in research: Using large amounts of comfrey cream or using it for extended periods of time increases the risk of side effects like liver toxicity. It also covers side effects, interactions, and what to look for. The internal or extensive topical use of comfrey cannot be recommended because of numerous reports of liver damage. Scoop the finished comfrey cream into sanitized glass jars. 2017;65(1):363-373. doi:10.1002/hep.28813. Comfrey is a shrub that grows in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. 4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars (225) $19.95 $ 19. hollandandbarrett.ie is a trading name of Holland & Barrett Retail Limited. 2013;27(6):811-7.
Comfrey - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Palestrica of the Third Millennium Civilization & Sport, 14(3). FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. Barna, M., Kucera, A., Hladikova, M., and Kucera, M. Randomized double-blind study: wound-healing effects of a Symphytum herb extract cream (Symphytumxuplandicum Nyman) in children. Koll, R., Buhr, M., Dieter, R., Pabst, H., Predel, H. G., Petrowicz, O., Giannetti, B., Klingenburg, S., and Staiger, C. Efficacy and tolerance of a comfrey root extract (Extr. Anotherstudy found that comfrey ointment was superior to placebo in relieving pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis.